sp.d - Immunomodulatory Roles of Surfactant Proteins A drawasaurus and D Surfactant proteins A SPA and D SPD are soluble innate immune molecules which maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as antiinfectious and immunomodulatory agents SPA and SPD bind numerous viruses including influenza A virus respiratory syncytial virus RSV and human immunode SPDnull mice have a more complex phenotype Even in the absence of pathogens the SPDnull mice display advancing alveolar proteinosis and increased lipid pools indicating that SPD has a role in surfactant homeostasis Metalloproteinases are also elevated in their lungs which develop an emphysemalike phenotype SPA and SPD Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With PubMed Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and NonRespiratory Diseases Introduction Surfactant proteins A SPA and D SPD are essential innate immune molecules with important roles in lung health 13These work to both neutralize and enhance the clearance of pathogens while modulating the inflammatory response 4 5SPA and SPD play key roles in keeping the lungs in a noninflamed and infectionfree homeostatic state to ensure efficient gaseous exchange Surfactant protein D Wikipedia SPA and SPD Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With Antiviral and Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia a new way to The pulmonary collectins SPA and SPD orchestrate innate immunity in Surfactant proteins SPA and SPD structure function and receptors Surfactant protein D also known as SPD is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of lectins called collectin 5 In humans SPD is encoded by the SFTPD gene 6 7 and is part of the innate immune system 8 9 Each SPD subunit is composed of an Nterminal domain a collagenous region a nucleating neck region and a Cterminal lectin domain SPD mRNA and protein have also been detected in some extrapulmonary mucosal surfaces including the pancreatic ducts the intrahepatic biliary ducts and gall bladder of royalroto the gastrointestinal tract the sweat glands and epithelial cells of the skin and the parotid and lachrymal glands The mRNA and protein levels of SPA and SPD increase Our findings indicate that serum SPD levels might be useful to estimate the risk of poorer outcomes in critical patients with severe lung disease associated to AH1N1 It is well documented that SPD is a glycoprotein involved in the regulation of innate immunity and antiviral responses in the lung 911 This protein often translocates to Surfactant protein D SPD is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs SPD participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response SPD has shown an antiinflammatory role by downregulating the release of proinflammatory mediators in However when the lungs are overwhelmed with exogenous insults SPA and SPD can assume proinflammatory roles in order to complement pulmonary innate and adaptive immunity This review is an update on the structural and functional aspects of SPA and SPD with emphasis on their roles in controlling pulmonary infection allergy and inflammation Serum Surfactant Protein D SPD is a Prognostic Marker of Poor In molecular biology Pulmonary surfactant protein D SPD is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant This protein plays a special role its primary task is to act as a defence protein against any pathogens that may invade the lung It also plays a role in lubricating the lung and preventing it from collapse Pulmonary surfactant protein D Wikipedia Surfactant Protein D SPD Surfactant protein D is a patternrecognition molecule belonging to the collectin family a group of collagencontaining Ctype lectinsHuman collectins also include surfactant protein A SPA which has a tissue distribution and functions partially overlapping aurahoky with those of SPD
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